Hair waving apparatus



p Patented Sept. 7, 1937 PATENT orifice HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Arthur G. Borden, Washington, D. C., assignor to Borden Industries, Inc., Washington, D. C., a corporation of Delaware Original application December 31, 1931, Serial No. 584,202. Divided and this application October 14, 1935, Serial No. 44,953

11 Claims.

5 the novel mandrel structure.

Accordingly, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide, in a hair waving apparatus of the character illustrated in my aforesaid patent, a mandrel which may be readily and easily manipulated by the operator to have the hair wrapped thereon and which itself is rotatable with respect to the base on which it is mounted for the purpose of tightening the convolutions of the hair. That is to say, the present construction is intended to permit such manipulation by the operator as to uniformly wrap and i tighten each convolution of the strand of hair as it is` wound about the mandrel to provide a continuously tight winding throughout the entire length of the mandrel thereby resulting in all of the hair being compactly set in each turn to produce a better wave or curl. Heretofore, with other devices the strand of hair has been tightened only at the first convolution and then more or less loosely throughout the balance of the length of the mandrel which not only subjects the hair at the base of the mandrel to great tension but also results in a poor and uneven wave or curl. With the present construction however, the force incident to twisting o f the hair about the mandrel is evenly distributed throughout the strand of hair,

Apparatus as illustrated in my aforesaid patent includes a heating chamber and a closure for the lower end thereof with and from which the chamber is readily engageable and disengageable, the closure being composed of two disk-like parts which are slotted to permit the hair to extend therethrough into the chamber and which are relatively rotatable so as to bring the walls vof the slots into closely embracing relationship to the hair, thereby to provide for substantialy completely closing the lower end of the heating chamber when the apparatus is in use. One of the disk-like parts carries a screw which extends through the other part, and a nut is provided for cooperation with said screw to frictionally clamp the two disk-like parts together in different relatively rotated positions or operative relationships. In this connection another object of the invention is to provide a mandrel structure including a nut for cooperation with the screw to clamp the closure parts together, and to provide for mounting the mandrel on the nut, rotatably -with respect thereto in the direction of clamping rotation of the nut and non-rotatably with respect thereto in the reverse direction, so that after the nut is tightened the mandrel may be rotated to tighten the hair thereon and will be held against rotating in the opposite direction by the nut to prevent loosening of the hair, and so that the mandrel may, if desired, be employed for loosening the nut.

With the foregoing `and other objects in view, which will become more fully apparent as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in the novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts as K will be hereinafter more fully described, illustrated in theaccompanying drawing and defined in the appended claims.

In the drawing, wherein like characters of reference denote coresponding parts in the diierent views:-

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly broken away, of a hair waving apparatus including the subject-matter of the present invention.

Figures 2 and 3 are detail views of the closure element for the lower end of the heating chamber, showing two different relatively rotated or operative positions of the two disk-like parts comprising said closure element; and

Figure 4 is a side elevation; partly broken away, of the mandrel structure. n

Referring to the drawing in detail, A designates, generally, a heating chamber which, insofar as concerns the present invention, may be of any suitable construction comprising a casing Ill open at its lower end and containing a hollow heating element II the interior of which is alined with the open bottom of the casing so that by inserting a mandrel with hair wound thereon through the open lower end of the casing the hair may be disposed within the heating element for heat treatment.

A closure for the lower end of the casing Ill is designated generally as B and comprises two disks designated as I2 and I3, whereof the upper disk, I2, is of cup-like form having a marginal flange I4 rising therefrom to detachably or separably receive the lower end of the casing It),

Carried centrally by the lower disk I 3, nonrotatably with respect thereto and projecting upwardly therefrom, loosely through a central opening in the upper disk I2, is a screw I5 which serves to hold said disks in axial alinement for relative rotation and which is adapted to have a nut I 6 screwed thereon against the upper face of the upper disk to clamp the disks together in any operative position of relative rotation thereof.

CIA

A slot Il is formed in the upper disk I2 to extend from and through the periphery thereof, including the flange I4, radially inward to a point adjacent to the center of said disk where it is extended circumferentially a suitable distance as indicated at i8. A similar slot I9 is formed in the lower disk i3 to extend from and through the periphery thereof radially inward to a point adjacent to the center of said disk where it is extended circumferentially a suitable distance as indicated at 2U.

By loosening the nut I6 the disks I2 and I3 may be relatively rotated to aline the radial portions of the slots Il and I9, and by then moving the disks laterally relative to a lock of hair the hair may be caused to pass through the alined radial portions of said slots into the circumferentially extended portions I3 and 2U thereof. By then relatively rotating the disks the radial portions of the slots may be disalined and the opening through the disks provided by the alined circumferential portions of the slots may be reduced in area until it corresponds substantially to the sectional area of the lock of hair. By then tightening the nut I6 the disks may be clamped together to prevent their relative reverse rotation. Consequently, when the lower end of the casing IB subsequently is inserted into the flange i4 `of the upper disk the bottom of the casing is completely closed, but the lock of. hair extends through the closure into the casing.

The foregoing dual disk closure arrangement for the bottom of the casing IQ does not, in itself, constitute part of the present invention and therefore has not been described in complete detail. It comprises part of the present invention only in that the nut I for clamping the disks I2 and I3 together is part of the present mandrel structure to the extent that it serves as a support or mounting for the mandrel proper. Consequently, said dual disk closure arrangement has been described only in sufficient detail to explain its combinative relationship to the present mandrel structure.

The nut i6 is shouldered as indicated at 2l and, above said shoulder, is of cylindrical form, as indicated at 22, so as to have engaged thereover the lower end of a tube 23 comprising the mandrel proper. Between its ends the cylindrical portion 22 is annularly grooved, as indicated at 24, and has extending therethrough a short length of spring wire or its equivalent 25, the ends of which lie in the groove 24 and are oppositely bent with respect to each other forwardly as i regards the direction of rotation ci the nut to clamp the closure disks together,

The mandrel tube 23 is rotatable relative to the cylindrical portion 22 of the nut i6 and the forwardly bent end portions of the wire 255 press outwardly against the inner surface of said mandrel tube. Thus, there is, in eiect, a ratchet connection between the nut It and the mandrel tube which permits said tube to be rotated relative to the nut in the direction of tightening oi the nut, but prevents reverse rotation of said tube relative to said nut.

For rotating the nut It to either tighten or loosen the same there is provided, rigid with said nut, a .stem or rod 25 which extends through the mandrel tube and has threaded or otherwise suitably secured on its upper end a head 21, said head having a cylindrical portion 28 on which the upper end portion of the mandrel tube 23 is rotatably mounted and also having` above said cylindrical portion, a shoulder 29 cooperating with the upper end of the mandrel tube, so that said tube and the nut I6 and the operating means for said nut are retained in unitary assembly.

Engageable over the mandrel tube 23 for manual manipulation to wind a lock ol" hair on said tube, is a winding element 30 of tube-like form having formed therein and opening through the bottom edge thereof a slot 3| which is shaped to provide a hook 32.

In the use of apparatus as described for the waving of hair, the heating chamber A is separated from the assembly comprising the closure B and the mandrel structure, the nut I6 is loosened, the disks I2 and I3 are relatively rotated to aline the radial portions of their slots I'l and I9, the disks are moved laterally relative to a lock of hair to cause the latter to pass through the radial portions of said slots into the circumferentially extending portions I8 and 20 thereof,

the disks then are rotated to disaline the radial portions of the slots and to close the circumferential portions of the slots about the lock of hair, and the nut I6 then is tightened to clamp the disks I2 and I3 together. The hair then is engaged in the slot and with the hook of the winding element and the latter is manually rotated and moved longitudinally upward along the mandrel tube 23 to wind the hair on said mandrel tube in the same direction as rotation of the nut It to clamp the disks I2 and I3 together. Periodically during this operation, or at any other time or times, the mandrel tube 23 is rotated in the same direction to assist in obtaining proper and desired tension of the convolutions of the hair on said tube, such rotation l5 of said tube being permitted by the aforementioned, in eiiect, ratchet connection between the nut IG and said tube, and. reverse rotation of the tube being prevented by said connection and by reason of the fact that the nut always is tightl ened with such force that it will not be loosened by the tendency of the hair to unwind acting on the nut through the mandrel tube. The wound hair then is, or may be, bound on the mandrel tube by a tape or the like and the heating chamber A then is engaged over the mandrel and inserted at its lower end into the flange I4 of the upper disk I2 of the bottom closure B for said heating chamber. The bottom of the heating chamber thus is effectively closed despite the fact that the lock of hair extends through the bottom closure B. At its top, the heating chamber is provided with an opening through which the upper portion of the mandrel extends when the lower end of the heating chamber is engaged in the ange I4 of the disk I2. The mandrel tube 23 may, therefore, be rotated during the heat treatment should this be considered necessary or desirable.

Following the desired period of heat treatment, the heating chamber A, is disengaged from the bottom closure either the head 2'! or the mandrel tube 23 is rotated to loosen the nut I6, the disks I2 and I3 again are rotated to aline the radial portions of the slots I'I and i9, and the closure B, by lateral movement thereof, is disengaged from the lock of hair.

Obviously, instead of providing the nut I6 with a stem or rod extending through the mandrel tube for use in tightening said nut, the mandrel tube itself may be employed for tightening as well as for loosening said nut if the lower end-of said tube is engaged sufficiently frictionally tight with the cylindrical portion 22 of said nut. Obviously, too, any suitable means other than the particular means illustrated and described may be employed to permit rotation of the mandrel tube relative to the nut in the direction of tightening of the nut and to prevent reverse rotation of said tube relative to said unit.

Without further description it is thought that the features and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and it will of course be understood that changes in the form, proportion and minor details of construction may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit of the invention and scope of the appended claims.

I claim:-

1. Hair waving apparatus including a heat treatment chamber, a closure for the bottom of said chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure, and winding means for wrapping hair about said mandrel, said mandrel being mounted on said closure for rotation relative thereto to tighten the hair wound thereon.

2. Hair waving apparatus including a heat treatment chamber, a closure for the bottom of said chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure,

winding means for wrapping hair about said mandrel, said mandrel being mounted on said closure for rotation relative thereto in a direction to tighten the hair wound thereon, and means to hold the mandrel against rotation in the reverse direction by the tendency of hair wound thereon to effect reverse rotation thereof.

3. A mandrel structure for hair waving apparatus comprising a nut to be engaged with a screw for clamping together a pair of disks constituting a closure for the bottom of a heating chamber, a mandrel mounted on said nut to have hair wound thereon, said mandrel being rotatable relative to said nut in the direction of rotation of the nut to clamp the disks together,

and means to prevent reverse rotation of said mandrel relative to said nut.

4. Hair waving apparatus comprising a mandrel including a pair of end supports, a rod member interconnecting said end supports, and

a rotatable sleeve disposed concentrically over said rod member and centered on said end supports, one of said end supports comprising a nut having means projecting therefrom and engaging the interior surface of said sleeve for permitting rotation of said sleeve relative to said nut in the direction of tightening rotation o1" the nut while preventing rotation of said sleeve relative to said nut in the opposite direction.

5. A mandrel for hair waving apparatus comprising a nut, a rod projecting from said nut, a head on the end of said rod, a tube havingY one end rotatably mounted on said nut and its other end centered on said head, and a ratchet device carried by said nut and engageable with the interior surface of said tube for allowing said tube to be rotated in the direction of tightening of the nut while preventing rotation of said tube in the opposite direction relative to said nut.

6. A mandrel for hair waving apparatus comprising a supporting member, a rod projecting from said supporting member, a head threaded on the end of said rod, a tube having one end rotatably mounted on said supporting member and its other end centered on said head, a member extending diametrically through said supporting member and having resilient arms engaged with the interior surface of said tube for permitting rotation of said tube in one direction While preventing rotation thereof in the opposite direction relative to said supporting member.

7. In hair waving apparatus, upper and lower disks constituting a closure for the bottom of a heating chamber, said disks being slotted for hair reception and being relatively rotatable to constrict the slots thereof about a lock of hair, a screw extending from the lower disk through the upper disk, a nut engaged with said screw to clamp the disks together, and a mandrel rotatably mounted on said nut.

8. In hair waving apparatus, upper and lower disks constituting a closure for the bottom of a heating chamber, said disks being slotted for hair reception and being relatively rotatable .to constrict the slots thereof about a lock of hair, a screw extending from the lower disk through the upper disk, a nut engaged with said screw to clamp the disks together, and a mandrel mounted on said nut for rotation relative thereto in one direction and held against rotation relf and held against rotation relative thereto in the opposite direction.

10. In a hair waving apparatus, upper and lower disks constituting a closure for the bottom of a heating chamber, said disks being slotted for hair reception and being relatively rotatable to constrict the slots thereof about a lock of hair, a screw extending from the lower disk through the upper disk, a nut engaged with said screw to clamp the disks together, and a mandrel mounted on said nut for rotation relative thereto in the direction of tightening rotation of the nut and held against rotation relative thereto in the opposite direction, said mandrel being i frictionally engaged with said nut so as to be operable to tighten the same.

11. A hair waving device comprising a base having means for clamping a strand of hair thereto, a mandrel element rotatably mounted on the base perpendicular thereto to permit rotation of the mandrel for tightening of the strand of hair thereon, and means to prevent reverse rotation of the mandrel relative to the base.

' ARTHUR G. BORDEN. 

